{"id":"GHSA-gjv3-89hh-9xq2","summary":"RISC Zero Ethereum invalid commitment with digest value of zero accepted by Steel.validateCommitment","details":"### Impact\n\nPrior to 2.1.1 and 2.2.0, the `Steel.validateCommitment` Solidity library function will return `true` for a crafted commitment with a digest value of zero.\n\nThis violates the semantics of `validateCommitment`, as this does not commitment to a block that is in the current chain. Because the digest is zero, it does not correspond to any block and there exist no known openings. As a result, this commitment will never be produced by a correct zkVM guest using Steel. Leveraging this bug to compromise the soundness of an application using Steel would require a separate bug or misuse of the Steel library, which is expected to be used to validate the root of state opening proofs (e.g. having the guest commit to a digest of zero, or failing to check the zkVM proof).\n\nBecause this bug does not risk application integrity, correctly written applications are not at risk.\n\n### Fix\n\nPlease see [#605] for a full description of the bug, and the fix. This fix has been released as part of `risc0-ethereum` [2.1.1] and [2.2.0].\n\n### Recommended actions\n\nUsers for the `Steel` Solidity library versions 2.1.0 or earlier should ensure they are using `Steel.validateCommitment` in tandem with zkVM proof verification of a Steel program, as shown in the [ERC-20 counter example][example], and [documentation]. This is the correct usage of Steel, and users following this pattern are not at risk, and do not need to take action.\n\nUsers not verifying a zkVM proof of a Steel program should update their application to do so, as this is incorrect usage of Steel.\n\n### Credit\n\nA thank you to Daniel526 on HackenProof for reporting this issue\n\n[#605]: https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/pull/605\n[example]: https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/blob/ff0cb9253a87945b653b825711b8b5075f8b7545/examples/erc20-counter/contracts/src/Counter.sol#L56-L63\n[documentation]: https://docs.beboundless.xyz/developers/steel/how-it-works#verifying-the-proof-onchain\n[2.1.1]: https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.1.1\n[2.2.0]: https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.0","aliases":["CVE-2025-52884"],"modified":"2025-06-25T21:42:11.838495Z","published":"2025-06-25T21:27:59Z","database_specific":{"github_reviewed_at":"2025-06-25T21:27:59Z","nvd_published_at":"2025-06-24T21:15:26Z","cwe_ids":["CWE-159"],"severity":"LOW","github_reviewed":true},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/security/advisories/GHSA-gjv3-89hh-9xq2"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52884"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/pull/605"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/commit/3bbac859c7132b21ba5fdf2d47f1dd52e7e73d98"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://docs.beboundless.xyz/developers/steel/how-it-works#verifying-the-proof-onchain"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/blob/ff0cb9253a87945b653b825711b8b5075f8b7545/examples/erc20-counter/contracts/src/Counter.sol#L56-L63"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.1.1"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.0"}],"affected":[{"package":{"name":"risc0-ethereum-contracts","ecosystem":"crates.io","purl":"pkg:cargo/risc0-ethereum-contracts"},"ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.1.1"}]}],"database_specific":{"source":"https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2025/06/GHSA-gjv3-89hh-9xq2/GHSA-gjv3-89hh-9xq2.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.9.0","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V4","score":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"}]}