{"id":"GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v","summary":"notation-go has excessive memory allocation on verification","details":"### Impact\n\n`notation-go` users will find their application using excessive memory when verifying signatures and the application will be finally killed, and thus availability is impacted.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in the release [v1.0.0-rc.3](https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.3). Users should upgrade their `notation-go` packages to `v1.0.0-rc.3` or above.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers can review their own trust policy file and check if the identity string contains `=#`. Meanwhile, users should only put trusted certificates in their trust stores referenced by their own trust policy files, and make sure the `authenticity` validation is set to `enforce`\n\n### Credits\n\nThe `notation-go` project would like to thank Adam Korczynski (@AdamKorcz) for responsibly disclosing this issue during a security fuzzing audit sponsored by CNCF and Shiwei Zhang (@shizhMSFT) for root cause analysis and detailed vulnerability report.\n\n### References\n\n- [Resource exhaustion attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_exhaustion_attack)\n","aliases":["CVE-2023-25656","GO-2023-1589"],"modified":"2026-09-10T03:49:51.900719541Z","published":"2023-02-22T00:03:49Z","database_specific":{"cwe_ids":["CWE-770"],"severity":"HIGH","github_reviewed":true,"github_reviewed_at":"2023-02-22T00:03:49Z","nvd_published_at":"2023-02-20T16:15:00Z"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/security/advisories/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25656"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/pull/275"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.3"}],"affected":[{"package":{"name":"github.com/notaryproject/notation-go","ecosystem":"Go","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/notaryproject/notation-go"},"ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.0.0-rc.3"}]}],"database_specific":{"source":"https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2023/02/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.9.0","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}]}