{"id":"GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c","summary":"Keras is vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data","details":"### Arbitrary Code Execution in Keras\n\nKeras versions prior to 3.11.0 allow for arbitrary code execution when loading a crafted `.keras` model archive, even when `safe_mode=True`.\n\nThe issue arises because the archive’s `config.json` is parsed before layer deserialization. This can invoke `keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization()`, effectively disabling safe mode from within the loading process itself. An attacker can place this call first in the archive and then include a `Lambda` layer whose function is deserialized from a pickle, leading to the execution of attacker-controlled Python code as soon as a victim loads the model file.\n\nExploitation requires a user to open an untrusted model; no additional privileges are needed. The fix in version 3.11.0 enforces safe-mode semantics *before* reading any user-controlled configuration and prevents the toggling of unsafe deserialization via the config file.\n\n**Affected versions:** \u003c 3.11.0\n**Patched version:** 3.11.0\n\nIt is recommended to upgrade to version 3.11.0 or later and to avoid opening untrusted model files.","aliases":["CVE-2025-9906","PYSEC-2025-76"],"modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:27.820239587Z","published":"2025-09-19T09:31:14Z","database_specific":{"github_reviewed_at":"2025-09-19T17:16:44Z","nvd_published_at":"2025-09-19T09:15:36Z","cwe_ids":["CWE-502"],"severity":"HIGH","github_reviewed":true},"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9906"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21429"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/713172ab56b864e59e2aa79b1a51b0e728bba858"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/keras-team/keras"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v3.11.0"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-76.yaml"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-9906"}],"affected":[{"package":{"name":"keras","ecosystem":"PyPI","purl":"pkg:pypi/keras"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.11.0"}]}],"versions":["0.2.0","0.3.0","0.3.1","0.3.2","0.3.3","1.0.0","1.0.1","1.0.2","1.0.3","1.0.4","1.0.5","1.0.6","1.0.7","1.0.8","1.1.0","1.1.1","1.1.2","1.2.0","1.2.1","1.2.2","2.0.0","2.0.1","2.0.2","2.0.3","2.0.4","2.0.5","2.0.6","2.0.7","2.0.8","2.0.9","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.2","2.1.3","2.1.4","2.1.5","2.1.6","2.10.0","2.10.0rc0","2.10.0rc1","2.11.0","2.11.0rc0","2.11.0rc1","2.11.0rc2","2.11.0rc3","2.12.0","2.12.0rc0","2.12.0rc1","2.13.1","2.13.1rc0","2.13.1rc1","2.14.0","2.14.0rc0","2.15.0","2.15.0rc0","2.15.0rc1","2.2.0","2.2.1","2.2.2","2.2.3","2.2.4","2.2.5","2.3.0","2.3.1","2.4.0","2.4.1","2.4.2","2.4.3","2.5.0rc0","2.6.0","2.6.0rc0","2.6.0rc1","2.6.0rc2","2.6.0rc3","2.7.0","2.7.0rc0","2.7.0rc2","2.8.0","2.8.0rc0","2.8.0rc1","2.9.0","2.9.0rc0","2.9.0rc1","2.9.0rc2","3.0.0","3.0.1","3.0.2","3.0.3","3.0.4","3.0.5","3.1.0","3.1.1","3.10.0","3.2.0","3.2.1","3.3.0","3.3.1","3.3.2","3.3.3","3.4.0","3.4.1","3.5.0","3.6.0","3.7.0","3.8.0","3.9.0","3.9.1","3.9.2"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2025/09/GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c/GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.9.0","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},{"type":"CVSS_V4","score":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"}]}