{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2015-7225","details":"Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not \"burn\" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.","modified":"2026-09-09T07:01:10.507066616Z","published":"2017-09-06T21:29:00.957Z","upstream":["CVE-2015-7225"],"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2015-7225"}],"affected":[{"package":{"name":"ruby-devise-two-factor","ecosystem":"Debian:12","purl":"pkg:deb/debian/ruby-devise-two-factor?arch=source&distro=bookworm"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.0-1"}]}],"ecosystem_specific":{"urgency":"not yet assigned"},"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/debian-osv/debian-cve-osv/DEBIAN-CVE-2015-7225.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.9.0","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"}]}