{"id":"CVE-2026-98231","summary":"xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\n\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep.  The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\n\nThe race can proceed as follows:\n\n  CPU 0                               CPU 1\n  find x on the device GC list\n  drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\n  read x-\u003exso.dev\n                                      xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\n                                      xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n                                      xfrm_state_free(x)\n  continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\n\nKASAN reported:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\n\n  Call Trace:\n   xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n   xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\n   xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\n   notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n   __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\n   netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\n   dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\n   devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\n\n  Allocated by task 87:\n   xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\n   xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\n   xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\n\n  Freed by task 57:\n   kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\n   xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\n   process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\n\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex.  Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering.","modified":"2026-10-08T02:52:53.939576759Z","published":"2026-10-06T08:45:05.183Z","database_specific":{"cna_assigner":"Linux","osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/98xxx/CVE-2026-98231.json"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/98xxx/CVE-2026-98231.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98231"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f"},{"fixed":"937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009"},{"fixed":"39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"},{"fixed":"75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"},{"fixed":"84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"},{"fixed":"89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"6.6.44"},{"fixed":"6.6.158"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"6.10.3"},{"fixed":"6.11"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584"}]}],"versions":["v6.6.157","v6.6.156","v6.6.155","v6.6.154","v6.6.153","v6.6.152","v6.6.151","v6.6.150","v6.6.149","v6.6.148","v6.6.147","v6.6.146","v6.6.145","v6.6.144","v6.6.143","v6.6.142","v6.6.141","v6.6.140","v6.6.139","v6.6.138","v6.6.137","v6.6.136","v6.6.135","v6.6.134","v6.6.133","v6.6.132","v6.6.131","v6.6.130","v6.6.129","v6.6.128","v6.6.127","v6.6.126","v6.6.125","v6.6.124","v6.6.123","v6.6.122","v6.6.121","v6.6.120","v6.6.119","v6.6.118","v6.6.117","v6.6.116","v6.6.115","v6.6.114","v6.6.113","v6.6.112","v6.6.111","v6.6.110","v6.6.109","v6.6.108","v6.6.107","v6.6.106","v6.6.105","v6.6.104","v6.6.103","v6.6.102","v6.6.101","v6.6.100","v6.6.99","v6.6.98","v6.6.97","v6.6.96","v6.6.95","v6.6.94","v6.6.93","v6.6.92","v6.6.91","v6.6.90","v6.6.89","v6.6.88","v6.6.87","v6.6.86","v6.6.85","v6.6.84","v6.6.83","v6.6.82","v6.6.81","v6.6.80","v6.6.79","v6.6.78","v6.6.77","v6.6.76","v6.6.75","v6.6.74","v6.6.73","v6.6.72","v6.6.71","v6.6.70","v6.6.69","v6.6.68","v6.6.67","v6.6.66","v6.6.65","v6.6.64","v6.6.63","v6.6.62","v6.6.61","v6.6.60","v6.6.59","v6.6.58","v6.6.57","v6.6.56","v6.6.55","v6.6.54","v6.6.53","v6.6.52","v6.6.51","v6.6.50","v6.6.49","v6.6.48","v6.6.47","v6.6.46","v6.6.45","v6.6.44","v6.10.14","v6.10.13","v6.10.12","v6.10.11","v6.10.10","v6.10.9","v6.10.8","v6.10.7","v6.10.6","v6.10.5","v6.10.4","v6.10.3"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-98231.json"}},{"package":{"name":"Kernel","ecosystem":"Linux"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"6.6.158"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.7.0"},{"fixed":"6.12.112"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.11.0"},{"fixed":"6.18.54"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.13.0"},{"fixed":"7.2.8"}]}],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-98231.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.9.0"}