{"id":"CVE-2026-91006","summary":"Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)","details":"Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through /bin/sh (Unix) or cscript (Windows). The caller-supplied javaOpts value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands instance:create, instance:start, instance:restart, instance:change-opts, and the equivalent InstanceMBean JMX operations (createInstance, startInstance, changeJavaOpts, cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation   *  Set karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin in etc/system.properties to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n  *  Restrict which principals can reach instance:* commands and InstancesMBean via etc/users.properties role assignments.\n  *  Treat javaOpts passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.","modified":"2026-10-10T02:47:31.673532088Z","published":"2026-09-28T10:44:32.652Z","database_specific":{"unresolved_ranges":[{"extracted_events":[{"fixed":"4.4.12"}],"source":"AFFECTED_FIELD"}],"cna_assigner":"apache","cwe_ids":["CWE-78"],"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/91xxx/CVE-2026-91006.json"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/28/3"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/91xxx/CVE-2026-91006.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91006"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://github.com/apache/karaf","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"189048fff3422afaadcbbb57d95b257cb35248ad"}],"database_specific":{"cpe":"cpe:2.3:a:apache:karaf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","extracted_events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.4.12"}],"source":"CPE_RANGE"}}],"versions":["karaf-4.4.8","karaf-4.4.7","karaf-4.4.6","karaf-4.4.5","karaf-4.4.4","karaf-4.4.3","karaf-4.4.2","karaf-4.4.1","karaf-4.4.0","karaf-4.3.3","karaf-4.3.2","karaf-4.3.1","karaf-4.3.0","karaf-4.3.0.RC1","karaf-4.2.3","karaf-4.2.2","karaf-4.2.1","karaf-4.2.0","karaf-4.2.0.M2","karaf-4.2.0.M1","karaf-4.1.1","karaf-4.1.0","karaf-4.0.4","karaf-4.0.3","karaf-4.0.2","karaf-4.0.1","karaf-4.0.0.M2","karaf-4.0.0.M1","karaf-3.0.0"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-91006.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.9.0","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"}]}