{"id":"CVE-2026-64378","summary":"writeback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwriteback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()\n\nWhen a container exits, the following BUG_ON() is occasionally triggered:\n\n==================================================================\n VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of sdb (ext4)\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\n kernel BUG at fs/super.c:695!\n CPU: 3 PID: 6 Comm: containerd-shim Tainted: G OE K 6.6 #1\n pstate: 63400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n pc : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n lr : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n Call trace:\n  generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n  kill_block_super+0x20/0x48\n  ext4_kill_sb+0x28/0x60\n  deactivate_locked_super+0x54/0x130\n  deactivate_super+0x84/0xa0\n  cleanup_mnt+0xa4/0x140\n  __cleanup_mnt+0x18/0x28\n  task_work_run+0x78/0xe0\n  do_notify_resume+0x204/0x240\n==================================================================\n\nThe root cause is a race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and\ninode_switch_wbs()/cleanup_offline_cgwb(). There is a window between\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() returning true and the subsequent\nwb_queue_isw() call. Following is the process that triggers the issue:\n\n      CPU A (umount)           |          CPU B (writeback)\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n                                 inode_switch_wbs/cleanup_offline_cgwb\n                                  atomic_inc(&isw_nr_in_flight)\n                                  inode_prepare_wbs_switch\n                                   -\u003e passes SB_ACTIVE check\n                                   __iget(inode)\n generic_shutdown_super\n  sb-\u003es_flags &= ~SB_ACTIVE\n  cgroup_writeback_umount(sb)\n   smp_mb()\n   atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight)\n   rcu_barrier()\n    -\u003e no pending RCU callbacks\n   flush_workqueue(isw_wq)\n    -\u003e nothing queued, returns\n  evict_inodes(sb)\n   -\u003e Inode skipped as isw still holds a ref.\n  sop-\u003eput_super(sb)\n   /* destroys percpu counters */\n  -\u003e VFS: Busy inodes after unmount!\n                                  wb_queue_isw()\n                                   queue_work(isw_wq, ...)\n                                  /* later in work function */\n                                  inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n                                   process_inode_switch_wbs\n                                    iput() -\u003e evict\n                                     percpu_counter_dec() // UAF!\n\nFix this by extending the RCU read-side critical section in\ninode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() to cover from\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() through wb_queue_isw().  Since there is\nno sleep in this window, rcu_read_lock() can be used.  Then add a\nsynchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount() before the existing\nrcu_barrier(), so that all in-flight switchers that have passed the\nSB_ACTIVE check have completed queue_work() before flush_workqueue()\nis called.\n\nThe existing rcu_barrier() is intentionally retained so this fix can\nbe backported unchanged to stable kernels (5.10.y, 6.6.y, ...) that\nstill queue switches via queue_rcu_work(). It is a no-op on current\nmainline (since commit e1b849cfa6b6 (\"writeback: Avoid contention on\nwb-\u003elist_lock when switching inodes\")) and is removed in a follow-up\npatch.","modified":"2026-07-28T04:02:47.982216864Z","published":"2026-07-25T08:50:29.006Z","database_specific":{"cna_assigner":"Linux","osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/64xxx/CVE-2026-64378.json"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/087d5b8b501c570f84bf655164e6698c3ce146e0"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c9c9648f77e4d14e50676bc51c2174ba9c8d361"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53eeaf4d63068dbc7708b0c7adb20151c812feca"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c3265f3252b2ee50707adaaa3f9bd0df3df72de"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/685fc15a410885b6d4dee64de0dce721b9428b12"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c923cc3cb5cd8945ceaf08252754110643446593"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cba38ec4cbd3a7b8b942a8d52531a05be8a9ff0d"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/64xxx/CVE-2026-64378.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64378"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"a1a0e23e49037c23ea84bc8cc146a03584d13577"},{"fixed":"087d5b8b501c570f84bf655164e6698c3ce146e0"},{"fixed":"3c9c9648f77e4d14e50676bc51c2174ba9c8d361"},{"fixed":"5c3265f3252b2ee50707adaaa3f9bd0df3df72de"},{"fixed":"c923cc3cb5cd8945ceaf08252754110643446593"},{"fixed":"685fc15a410885b6d4dee64de0dce721b9428b12"},{"fixed":"53eeaf4d63068dbc7708b0c7adb20151c812feca"},{"fixed":"cba38ec4cbd3a7b8b942a8d52531a05be8a9ff0d"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"c5cbbec54fe71c4de2d34f8c0ec8fbfdd7f17339"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"4.4.5"},{"fixed":"4.5"}]}],"versions":["v4.4","v4.4.4","v4.4.3","v4.4.2","v4.4.1","v4.4-rc1","v4.4-rc2","v4.4-rc8","v4.4-rc3","v4.4-rc7","v4.4-rc5","v4.4-rc6","v4.4-rc4","v4.3","v4.3-rc1","v4.3-rc6","v4.3-rc4","v4.3-rc2","v4.3-rc7","v4.3-rc5","v4.3-rc3","v4.2","v4.2-rc2","v4.2-rc1","v4.2-rc8","v4.2-rc4","v4.2-rc6","v4.2-rc7","v4.0-rc5","v4.2-rc5","v4.2-rc3","v4.1-rc2","v4.1","v4.1-rc1","v4.1-rc8","v4.1-rc7","v4.1-rc6","v4.1-rc3","v4.1-rc4","v4.0","v4.1-rc5","v4.0-rc1","v4.0-rc2","v4.0-rc7","v4.0-rc3","v4.0-rc6","v4.0-rc4","v3.19","v3.19-rc7","v3.19-rc5","v3.19-rc1","v3.19-rc6","v3.19-rc4","v3.18-rc1","v3.19-rc3","v3.19-rc2","v3.18","v3.18-rc7","v3.18-rc6","v3.18-rc2","v3.18-rc3","v3.18-rc4","v3.18-rc5","v3.17","v3.17-rc1","v3.17-rc7","v3.17-rc2","v3.17-rc4","v3.16","v3.17-rc5","v3.17-rc6","v3.17-rc3","v3.16-rc7","v3.16-rc1","v3.16-rc3","v3.16-rc5","v3.16-rc6","v3.16-rc2","v3.16-rc4","v3.13","v3.15","v3.15-rc5","v3.15-rc8","v3.15-rc1","v3.15-rc6","v3.15-rc3","v3.15-rc7","v3.15-rc2","v3.15-rc4","v3.14","v3.14-rc4","v3.14-rc8","v3.14-rc7","v3.14-rc6","v3.14-rc1","v3.14-rc2","v3.14-rc5","v3.14-rc3","v3.13-rc6","v3.13-rc8","v3.12","v3.13-rc7","v3.13-rc1","v3.13-rc4","v3.13-rc3","v3.13-rc5","v3.13-rc2","v3.12-rc7","v3.12-rc3","v3.12-rc6","v3.12-rc1","v3.12-rc5","v3.11","v3.12-rc2","v3.12-rc4","v3.11-rc7","v3.11-rc2","v3.11-rc5","v3.11-rc1","v3.11-rc3","v3.11-rc4","v3.11-rc6","v3.10-rc2","v3.10","v3.10-rc7","v3.10-rc6","v3.10-rc1","v3.10-rc5","v3.10-rc3","v3.10-rc4","v3.9","v3.9-rc2","v3.9-rc7","v3.9-rc8","v3.9-rc3","v3.9-rc6","v3.9-rc5","v3.9-rc4","v3.9-rc1","v3.8","v3.8-rc7","v3.8-rc6","v3.8-rc5","v3.8-rc2","v3.8-rc1","v3.8-rc3","v3.8-rc4","v3.7","v3.7-rc1","v3.6","v3.7-rc6","v3.7-rc7","v3.7-rc3","v3.7-rc8","v3.7-rc2","v3.7-rc4","v3.7-rc5","v3.6-rc7","v3.6-rc1","v3.5-rc3","v3.6-rc6","v3.6-rc5","v3.5","v3.6-rc3","v3.6-rc4","v3.6-rc2","v3.4-rc4","v3.5-rc7","v3.5-rc5","v3.5-rc6","v3.5-rc2","v3.5-rc1","v3.5-rc4","v3.4","v3.4-rc2","v3.4-rc1","v3.4-rc7","v3.4-rc6","v3.4-rc3","v3.4-rc5","v3.3","v3.3-rc6","v3.3-rc3","v3.3-rc7","v3.3-rc2","v3.3-rc5","v3.2","v3.3-rc4","v3.3-rc1","v3.2-rc4","v3.2-rc7","v3.2-rc6","v3.2-rc5","v3.2-rc3","v3.1","v3.2-rc2","v3.2-rc1","v3.1-rc1","v3.1-rc9","v3.1-rc8","v3.1-rc10","v3.1-rc7","v3.1-rc3","v3.1-rc2","v3.1-rc4","v3.1-rc5","v3.0","v3.1-rc6","v3.0-rc7","v3.0-rc4","v3.0-rc6","v3.0-rc5","v3.0-rc3","v3.0-rc1","v2.6.39","v3.0-rc2","v2.6.38","v2.6.39-rc2","v2.6.39-rc7","v2.6.39-rc5","v2.6.39-rc1","v2.6.38-rc7","v2.6.39-rc6","v2.6.39-rc4","v2.6.39-rc3","v2.6.37","v2.6.38-rc1","v2.6.38-rc8","v2.6.38-rc2","v2.6.38-rc6","v2.6.38-rc5","v2.6.38-rc4","v2.6.38-rc3","v2.6.37-rc4","v2.6.37-rc2","v2.6.36","v2.6.37-rc5","v2.6.37-rc8","v2.6.37-rc7","v2.6.37-rc6","v2.6.37-rc1","v2.6.37-rc3","v2.6.36-rc6","v2.6.35-rc4","v2.6.36-rc8","v2.6.35","v2.6.36-rc7","v2.6.36-rc3","v2.6.36-rc5","v2.6.36-rc4","v2.6.36-rc2","v2.6.36-rc1","v2.6.35-rc5","v2.6.35-rc6","v2.6.34","v2.6.35-rc3",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