{"id":"CVE-2026-54890","summary":"BEAM VM crash via integer underflow in binary_to_term BIT_BINARY_EXT decoding","details":"Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.\n\nThe BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as \"Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)\".\n\nThe crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings).\n\nAny application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011).\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.","aliases":["EEF-CVE-2026-54890","GHSA-54pw-5645-jh86"],"modified":"2026-07-31T14:06:46.890998Z","published":"2026-07-27T15:39:03.475Z","database_specific":{"cna_assigner":"EEF","cwe_ids":["CWE-1284","CWE-191","CWE-789"],"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/54xxx/CVE-2026-54890.json","unresolved_ranges":[{"source":"AFFECTED_FIELD","extracted_events":[{"introduced":"15.0"},{"fixed":"*"},{"introduced":"27.0"},{"fixed":"*"},{"introduced":"24ef4cbaeda9b9c26682cba75f2f15b0c58722aa"},{"fixed":"dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd"}]}]},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54890.html"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54890"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/54xxx/CVE-2026-54890.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-54pw-5645-jh86"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54890"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://github.com/erlang/otp","events":[{"introduced":"601a012837ea0a5c8095bf24223132824177124d"},{"introduced":"9e6f6742c4d9e9915ee8af0dcb7d97cf1f836116"},{"introduced":"550d7b7898706c7822362c42e7b93120c1d1f29a"},{"fixed":"8def54e66dfdd41c535272794d49cc633f596d22"},{"fixed":"6cfd400a2379163a2802f376d3b3d02f815d34c0"},{"fixed":"1259612946cb36a8bf9614b289090bb32fbcbeb2"},{"fixed":"dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd"}],"database_specific":{"extracted_events":[{"introduced":"27.0"},{"fixed":"27.3.4.15"},{"introduced":"28.0"},{"fixed":"28.5.0.4"},{"introduced":"29.0"},{"fixed":"29.0.4"}],"source":["CPE_FIELD","REFERENCES"]}}],"versions":["OTP-29.0.3","OTP-28.5.0.3","OTP-27.3.4.14","patch-base-28","OTP-28.5","patch-base-27","OTP-27.3.4","OTP-27.3.4.13","OTP-28.5.0.2","OTP-29.0.2","OTP-28.4","OTP-27.3.4.12","OTP-28.5.0.1","OTP-29.0.1","OTP-29.0","OTP-27.3.4.9","OTP-27.0","OTP-27.3.4.11","OTP-27.3.4.10","OTP-28.0","OTP-27.3.4.8","OTP-27.3.4.6","OTP-27.3.4.7","OTP-27.3","OTP-27.3.4.5","OTP-27.3.4.4","OTP-28.1","OTP-27.3.4.3","OTP-27.3.3","OTP-27.3.4.2","OTP-27.3.4.1","OTP-27.3.2","OTP-27.2","OTP-27.3.1","OTP-27.1"],"database_specific":{"vanir_signatures":[{"id":"CVE-2026-54890-4abfbfc4","signature_type":"Line","signature_version":"v1","source":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd","target":{"file":"erts/emulator/beam/external.c"},"deprecated":false,"digest":{"line_hashes":["223356975444351176981946065934048817343","59229827200950078539542017877782742682","140821498450087628554005110325561470385","263745618633766055517863478365891081139","178332241705825645815632593621866408086"],"threshold":0.9}},{"signature_type":"Function","signature_version":"v1","source":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0ce62717cf60866590cea0242780fd","target":{"file":"erts/emulator/beam/external.c","function":"dec_term"},"deprecated":false,"digest":{"function_hash":"274620051191622708189806810367620417122","length":18355},"id":"CVE-2026-54890-cd766378"}],"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-54890.json","vanir_signatures_modified":"2026-07-31T14:06:46Z"}}],"schema_version":"1.7.5","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V4","score":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"}]}