{"id":"CVE-2026-23435","summary":"perf/x86: Move event pointer setup earlier in x86_pmu_enable()","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nperf/x86: Move event pointer setup earlier in x86_pmu_enable()\n\nA production AMD EPYC system crashed with a NULL pointer dereference\nin the PMU NMI handler:\n\n  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000198\n  RIP: x86_perf_event_update+0xc/0xa0\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cNMI\u003e\n   amd_pmu_v2_handle_irq+0x1a6/0x390\n   perf_event_nmi_handler+0x24/0x40\n\nThe faulting instruction is `cmpq $0x0, 0x198(%rdi)` with RDI=0,\ncorresponding to the `if (unlikely(!hwc-\u003eevent_base))` check in\nx86_perf_event_update() where hwc = &event-\u003ehw and event is NULL.\n\ndrgn inspection of the vmcore on CPU 106 showed a mismatch between\ncpuc-\u003eactive_mask and cpuc-\u003eevents[]:\n\n  active_mask: 0x1e (bits 1, 2, 3, 4)\n  events[1]:   0xff1100136cbd4f38  (valid)\n  events[2]:   0x0                 (NULL, but active_mask bit 2 set)\n  events[3]:   0xff1100076fd2cf38  (valid)\n  events[4]:   0xff1100079e990a90  (valid)\n\nThe event that should occupy events[2] was found in event_list[2]\nwith hw.idx=2 and hw.state=0x0, confirming x86_pmu_start() had run\n(which clears hw.state and sets active_mask) but events[2] was\nnever populated.\n\nAnother event (event_list[0]) had hw.state=0x7 (STOPPED|UPTODATE|ARCH),\nshowing it was stopped when the PMU rescheduled events, confirming the\nthrottle-then-reschedule sequence occurred.\n\nThe root cause is commit 7e772a93eb61 (\"perf/x86: Fix NULL event access\nand potential PEBS record loss\") which moved the cpuc-\u003eevents[idx]\nassignment out of x86_pmu_start() and into step 2 of x86_pmu_enable(),\nafter the PERF_HES_ARCH check. This broke any path that calls\npmu-\u003estart() without going through x86_pmu_enable() -- specifically\nthe unthrottle path:\n\n  perf_adjust_freq_unthr_events()\n    -\u003e perf_event_unthrottle_group()\n      -\u003e perf_event_unthrottle()\n        -\u003e event-\u003epmu-\u003estart(event, 0)\n          -\u003e x86_pmu_start()     // sets active_mask but not events[]\n\nThe race sequence is:\n\n  1. A group of perf events overflows, triggering group throttle via\n     perf_event_throttle_group(). All events are stopped: active_mask\n     bits cleared, events[] preserved (x86_pmu_stop no longer clears\n     events[] after commit 7e772a93eb61).\n\n  2. While still throttled (PERF_HES_STOPPED), x86_pmu_enable() runs\n     due to other scheduling activity. Stopped events that need to\n     move counters get PERF_HES_ARCH set and events[old_idx] cleared.\n     In step 2 of x86_pmu_enable(), PERF_HES_ARCH causes these events\n     to be skipped -- events[new_idx] is never set.\n\n  3. The timer tick unthrottles the group via pmu-\u003estart(). Since\n     commit 7e772a93eb61 removed the events[] assignment from\n     x86_pmu_start(), active_mask[new_idx] is set but events[new_idx]\n     remains NULL.\n\n  4. A PMC overflow NMI fires. The handler iterates active counters,\n     finds active_mask[2] set, reads events[2] which is NULL, and\n     crashes dereferencing it.\n\nMove the cpuc-\u003eevents[hwc-\u003eidx] assignment in x86_pmu_enable() to\nbefore the PERF_HES_ARCH check, so that events[] is populated even\nfor events that are not immediately started. This ensures the\nunthrottle path via pmu-\u003estart() always finds a valid event pointer.","modified":"2026-07-15T01:48:53.350218927Z","published":"2026-04-03T15:15:20.465Z","database_specific":{"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/23xxx/CVE-2026-23435.json","cna_assigner":"Linux"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/886fa869153917d902784098922defa20c3a2fe5"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d5fae6011260de209aaf231120e8146b14bc8e0"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c1dd1e2b722d3f1f2e4977dad8d1be78fdfb30cb"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/23xxx/CVE-2026-23435.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23435"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"6b089028bff1f2ff9e0c62b8f1faca1a620e5d6e"},{"fixed":"886fa869153917d902784098922defa20c3a2fe5"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"7e772a93eb61cb6265bdd1c5bde17d0f2718b452"},{"fixed":"c1dd1e2b722d3f1f2e4977dad8d1be78fdfb30cb"},{"fixed":"8d5fae6011260de209aaf231120e8146b14bc8e0"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"cf69b99805c263117305ac6dffbc85aaf9259d32"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"6.18.2"},{"fixed":"6.18.20"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"6.17.13"},{"fixed":"6.18"}]}],"versions":["v6.18.19","v6.18.18","v6.18.17","v6.18.16","v6.18.15","v6.18.14","v6.18.13","v6.18.12","v6.18.11","v6.18.10","v6.18.9","v6.18.8","v6.18.7","v6.18.6","v6.18.5","v6.18.4","v6.18.3","v6.18.2","v6.17.12","v6.17.11","v6.17.10","v6.17.9","v6.17.8","v6.17.7","v6.17.6","v6.17.5","v6.17.4","v6.17.3","v6.17.2","v6.17.1","v6.17","v6.17-rc7","v6.17-rc1","v6.17-rc2","v6.17-rc6","v6.17-rc4","v6.17-rc5","v6.17-rc3","v6.16","v6.16-rc6","v6.16-rc1","v6.16-rc4","v6.16-rc2","v6.16-rc5","v6.16-rc7","v6.16-rc3","v6.14-rc3","v6.15","v6.15-rc1","v6.15-rc6","v6.15-rc3","v6.15-rc2","v6.15-rc7","v6.15-rc4","v6.15-rc5","v6.14","v6.14-rc1","v6.14-rc7","v6.14-rc6","v6.14-rc4","v6.14-rc5","v6.14-rc2","v6.13","v6.13-rc1","v6.13-rc6","v6.13-rc7","v6.13-rc2","v6.13-rc5","v6.13-rc3","v6.12-rc1","v6.13-rc4","v6.12","v6.12-rc7","v6.12-rc3","v6.12-rc4","v6.12-rc6","v6.12-rc5","v6.12-rc2","v6.11-rc1","v6.11-rc5","v6.11","v6.11-rc7","v6.10-rc1","v6.11-rc6","v6.11-rc3","v6.11-rc4","v6.11-rc2","v6.10","v6.10-rc6","v6.10-rc7","v6.10-rc3","v6.9-rc1","v6.10-rc5","v6.10-rc2","v6.10-rc4","v6.9","v6.9-rc6","v6.9-rc7","v6.9-rc5","v6.9-rc3","v6.9-rc2","v6.8","v6.9-rc4","v6.8-rc1","v6.7-rc1","v6.8-rc7","v6.8-rc6","v6.8-rc5","v6.8-rc4","v6.8-rc3","v6.8-rc2","v6.7","v6.7-rc3","v6.7-rc8","v6.7-rc7","v6.7-rc6","v6.7-rc2","v6.7-rc4","v6.7-rc5","v6.6","v6.6-rc1","v6.6-rc5","v6.6-rc3","v6.6-rc7","v6.6-rc6","v6.6-rc4","v6.6-rc2","v6.5","v6.5-rc1","v6.5-rc2","v6.5-rc7","v6.5-rc4","v6.5-rc3","v6.5-rc6","v6.5-rc5","v6.4","v6.4-rc7","v6.4-rc1","v6.4-rc6","v6.4-rc5","v6.4-rc3","v6.4-rc4","v6.4-rc2","v6.3","v6.3-rc1","v6.3-rc7","v6.3-rc2","v6.3-rc3","v6.3-rc5","v6.3-rc6","v6.3-rc4","v6.2-rc6","v6.2-rc1","v6.2","v6.2-rc2","v6.2-rc8","v6.2-rc5","v6.2-rc4","v6.2-rc7","v6.2-rc3","v6.1-rc1","v6.1","v6.1-rc8","v6.1-rc3","v6.1-rc6","v6.1-rc7","v6.1-rc4","v6.1-rc2","v6.1-rc5","v6.0-rc1","v6.0","v6.0-rc7","v6.0-rc3","v6.0-rc2","v6.0-rc6","v6.0-rc4","v6.0-rc5","v5.19","v5.19-rc1","v5.19-rc5","v5.19-rc8","v5.19-rc6","v5.18","v5.19-rc2","v5.19-rc7","v5.19-rc3","v5.19-rc4","v5.18-rc1","v5.18-rc7","v5.18-rc2","v5.18-rc5","v5.17","v5.18-rc4","v5.18-rc3","v5.18-rc6","v5.17-rc6","v5.17-rc4","v5.17-rc8","v5.17-rc7","v5.17-rc1","v5.17-rc3","v5.17-rc2","v5.17-rc5","v5.16","v5.16-rc1","v5.16-rc8","v5.16-rc5","v5.16-rc6","v5.16-rc7","v5.16-rc3","v5.16-rc2","v5.16-rc4","v5.15","v5.15-rc2","v5.15-rc1","v5.15-rc4","v5.15-rc7","v5.15-rc3","v5.15-rc5","v5.15-rc6","v5.14","v5.14-rc3","v5.14-rc1","v5.14-rc2","v5.14-rc7","v5.14-rc6","v5.13-rc1","v5.14-rc5","v5.14-rc4","v5.13","v5.13-rc6","v5.13-rc7","v5.13-rc3","v5.13-rc2","v5.13-rc4","v5.13-rc5","v5.12","v5.12-rc2","v5.12-rc1-dontuse","v5.12-rc1","v5.12-rc8","v5.12-rc3","v5.12-rc7","v5.12-rc5","v5.12-rc6","v5.12-rc4","v5.10","v5.11","v5.11-rc3","v5.11-rc7","v5.11-rc6","v5.11-rc5","v5.11-rc1","v5.11-rc4","v5.11-rc2","v5.10-rc1","v5.10-rc7","v5.10-rc4","v5.10-rc3","v5.10-rc6","v5.9","v5.10-rc2","v5.10-rc5","v5.9-rc1","v5.9-rc7","v5.9-rc8","v5.9-rc6","v5.9-rc4","v5.9-rc5","v5.9-rc3","v5.9-rc2","v5.8","v5.7","v5.8-rc2","v5.8-rc1","v5.8-rc7","v5.8-rc5","v5.8-rc3","v5.8-rc4","v5.8-rc6","v5.7-rc4","v5.7-rc7","v5.7-rc1","v5.7-rc3","v5.7-rc2","v5.7-rc5","v5.7-rc6","v5.6","v5.6-rc1",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