{"id":"CVE-2026-23294","summary":"bpf: Fix race in devmap on PREEMPT_RT","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix race in devmap on PREEMPT_RT\n\nOn PREEMPT_RT kernels, the per-CPU xdp_dev_bulk_queue (bq) can be\naccessed concurrently by multiple preemptible tasks on the same CPU.\n\nThe original code assumes bq_enqueue() and __dev_flush() run atomically\nwith respect to each other on the same CPU, relying on\nlocal_bh_disable() to prevent preemption. However, on PREEMPT_RT,\nlocal_bh_disable() only calls migrate_disable() (when\nPREEMPT_RT_NEEDS_BH_LOCK is not set) and does not disable\npreemption, which allows CFS scheduling to preempt a task during\nbq_xmit_all(), enabling another task on the same CPU to enter\nbq_enqueue() and operate on the same per-CPU bq concurrently.\n\nThis leads to several races:\n\n1. Double-free / use-after-free on bq-\u003eq[]: bq_xmit_all() snapshots\n   cnt = bq-\u003ecount, then iterates bq-\u003eq[0..cnt-1] to transmit frames.\n   If preempted after the snapshot, a second task can call bq_enqueue()\n   -\u003e bq_xmit_all() on the same bq, transmitting (and freeing) the\n   same frames. When the first task resumes, it operates on stale\n   pointers in bq-\u003eq[], causing use-after-free.\n\n2. bq-\u003ecount and bq-\u003eq[] corruption: concurrent bq_enqueue() modifying\n   bq-\u003ecount and bq-\u003eq[] while bq_xmit_all() is reading them.\n\n3. dev_rx/xdp_prog teardown race: __dev_flush() clears bq-\u003edev_rx and\n   bq-\u003exdp_prog after bq_xmit_all(). If preempted between\n   bq_xmit_all() return and bq-\u003edev_rx = NULL, a preempting\n   bq_enqueue() sees dev_rx still set (non-NULL), skips adding bq to\n   the flush_list, and enqueues a frame. When __dev_flush() resumes,\n   it clears dev_rx and removes bq from the flush_list, orphaning the\n   newly enqueued frame.\n\n4. __list_del_clearprev() on flush_node: similar to the cpumap race,\n   both tasks can call __list_del_clearprev() on the same flush_node,\n   the second dereferences the prev pointer already set to NULL.\n\nThe race between task A (__dev_flush -\u003e bq_xmit_all) and task B\n(bq_enqueue -\u003e bq_xmit_all) on the same CPU:\n\n  Task A (xdp_do_flush)          Task B (ndo_xdp_xmit redirect)\n  ----------------------         --------------------------------\n  __dev_flush(flush_list)\n    bq_xmit_all(bq)\n      cnt = bq-\u003ecount  /* e.g. 16 */\n      /* start iterating bq-\u003eq[] */\n    \u003c-- CFS preempts Task A --\u003e\n                                   bq_enqueue(dev, xdpf)\n                                     bq-\u003ecount == DEV_MAP_BULK_SIZE\n                                     bq_xmit_all(bq, 0)\n                                       cnt = bq-\u003ecount  /* same 16! */\n                                       ndo_xdp_xmit(bq-\u003eq[])\n                                       /* frames freed by driver */\n                                       bq-\u003ecount = 0\n    \u003c-- Task A resumes --\u003e\n      ndo_xdp_xmit(bq-\u003eq[])\n      /* use-after-free: frames already freed! */\n\nFix this by adding a local_lock_t to xdp_dev_bulk_queue and acquiring\nit in bq_enqueue() and __dev_flush(). These paths already run under\nlocal_bh_disable(), so use local_lock_nested_bh() which on non-RT is\na pure annotation with no overhead, and on PREEMPT_RT provides a\nper-CPU sleeping lock that serializes access to the bq.","modified":"2026-04-02T13:12:20.679069Z","published":"2026-03-25T10:26:51.946Z","database_specific":{"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/23xxx/CVE-2026-23294.json","cna_assigner":"Linux"},"references":[{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1872e75375c40add4a35990de3be77b5741c252c"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c10b019785dc282c5f45d21e4a3f468b8fd6476"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab1a56c9d99189aa5c6e03940d06e40ba6a28240"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/23xxx/CVE-2026-23294.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23294"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"3253cb49cbad4772389d6ef55be75db1f97da910"},{"fixed":"6c10b019785dc282c5f45d21e4a3f468b8fd6476"},{"fixed":"ab1a56c9d99189aa5c6e03940d06e40ba6a28240"},{"fixed":"1872e75375c40add4a35990de3be77b5741c252c"}]}],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-23294.json"}},{"package":{"name":"Kernel","ecosystem":"Linux"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.18.0"},{"fixed":"6.18.17"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.19.0"},{"fixed":"6.19.7"}]}],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2026-23294.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.7.5"}