{"id":"CVE-2025-65855","details":"The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.","modified":"2026-03-13T03:41:23.059968Z","published":"2025-12-17T17:15:50.657Z","references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/"}],"affected":[{"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-65855.json","unresolved_ranges":[{"events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50"}]}]}}],"schema_version":"1.7.3","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"}]}