{"id":"CVE-2025-64526","summary":"Strapi has a rate limit bypass on users-permissions plugin via attacker-controlled email keying","details":"Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts. The rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request. The patch in version 5.45.0 maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled.","aliases":["GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw"],"modified":"2026-07-08T08:08:12.105929480Z","published":"2026-05-14T18:32:01.998Z","database_specific":{"cwe_ids":["CWE-307"],"cna_assigner":"GitHub_M","osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/64xxx/CVE-2025-64526.json"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/64xxx/CVE-2025-64526.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64526"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://github.com/strapi/strapi","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"c5bc749feeb5b7b4f3d845b52da41277100465a8"},{"fixed":"5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db"}],"database_specific":{"source":["CPE_RANGE","REFERENCES"],"cpe":"cpe:2.3:a:strapi:strapi:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*","extracted_events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"5.45.0"}]}}],"versions":["v5.31.0","v5.24.1","v5.14.0","v4.25.22","v4.25.16","v5.0.4","v5.0.2-beta.0","v5.0.0","v5.0.0-rc.30","v5.0.0-rc.29","v5.0.0-rc.28","v5.0.0-rc.27","v5.0.0-rc.26","v5.0.0-rc.24","v5.0.0-rc.25","v5.0.0-rc.23","v5.0.0-rc.22","v5.0.0-rc.21","v5.0.0-rc.20","v5.0.0-rc.19","v5.0.0-rc.18","v5.0.0-rc.16","v5.0.0-rc.17","v5.0.0-rc.15","v5.0.0-rc.14","v5.0.0-rc.12","v5.0.0-rc.9","v5.0.0-rc.6","v5.0.0-rc.5","v5.0.0-rc.2","v5.0.0-rc.1","v5.0.0-rc.0","v5.0.0-beta.16","v5.0.0-beta.15","v5.0.0-beta.14","v5.0.0-beta.13","v5.0.0-beta.12","v5.0.0-beta.11","v5.0.0-beta.10","v5.0.0-beta.8","v5.0.0-beta.7","v5.0.0-beta.6","v5.0.0-beta.3","v4.13.4","v4.13.1","v4.11.0","v4.8.2","v4.7.1","v4.7.0","v4.6.1","v4.6.0","v4.5.6","v4.5.5","v4.5.4","v4.5.3","v4.5.2","v4.5.1","v4.5.0","v4.4.6","v4.4.5","v4.4.4","v4.4.3","v4.4.1","v4.4.0","v4.3.9","v4.3.8","v4.3.7","v4.3.6","v4.3.5","v4.3.3","v4.3.4","v4.3.2","v4.3.0","v4.3.1","v4.2.3","v4.2.2","v4.1.12","v4.1.10","v4.1.9","v4.1.8","v4.1.3","v4.1.1","v4.1.0","v4.0.5","v3.6.8","v4.0.4","v4.0.3","v4.0.2","v4.0.1","v3.6.7","v3.6.6","v3.6.5","v3.6.4","v3.6.3","v3.6.2","v3.6.1","v3.6.0","v3.5.4","v3.5.3","v3.5.2","v3.5.1","v3.5.0","v3.4.6","v3.4.5","v3.4.4","v3.4.3","v3.4.2","v3.4.1","v3.2.2","v3.2.1","v3.1.4","v3.1.3","v3.1.0","v3.0.0-beta.20","v3.0.0-beta.19.4","v3.0.0-beta.19.3","v3.0.0-beta.19.2","v3.0.0-beta.19.1","v3.0.0-beta.19","v3.0.0-beta.18.8","v3.0.0-beta.18.7","v3.0.0-beta.18.6","v3.0.0-beta.18.5","v3.0.0-beta.18.4","v3.0.0-beta.16.7","v3.0.0-beta.18.3","v3.0.0-beta.18.2","v3.0.0-beta.18.1","v3.0.0-beta.18","v3.0.0-beta.17.8","v3.0.0-beta.17.7","v3.0.0-beta.17.6","v3.0.0-beta.17.5","v3.0.0-beta.17.4","v3.0.0-beta.17.2","v3.0.0-beta.17.1","v3.0.0-beta.17","v3.0.0-beta.16.8","v3.0.0-beta.16.6","v3.0.0-beta.16.5","v3.0.0-beta.16.4","v3.0.0-beta.16.3","v3.0.0-beta.16.2","v3.0.0-beta.16.1","v3.0.0-beta.16","v3.0.0-beta.15","v3.0.0-beta.14","v3.0.0-beta.13","v3.0.0-beta.12","v3.0.0-beta.11","v3.0.0-beta.10","v3.0.0-beta.9","v3.0.0-beta.8","v3.0.0-beta.7","v3.0.0-beta.6","v3.0.0-beta.5","v3.0.0-beta.4","v3.0.0-beta.3","v3.0.0-beta.2","v3.0.0-beta.1","v3.0.0-beta.0","v3.0.0-alpha.23.1","v3.0.0-alpha.13","v3.0.0-alpha.12.7.1","v3.0.0-alpha.12.7","v3.0.0-alpha.9","v3.0.0-alpha.7.3","v3.0.0-alpha.6.7","v3.0.0-alpha.6.4","v3.0.0-alpha.4","v3.0.0-alpha.4.8","v1.5.4","v1.5.3","v1.5.2","v1.5.1","v1.5.0","v1.4.1","v1.4.0","v1.3.1","v1.3.0","v1.2.0","v1.1.0","v1.0.6","v1.0.5","v1.0.1","v1.0.0"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-64526.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.7.5","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V4","score":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"}]}