{"id":"CVE-2025-52471","summary":"ESP-NOW Integer Underflow Vulnerability Advisory","details":"ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of versions 5.4.1, 5.3.3, 5.2.5, and 5.1.6 of the ESP-IDF framework. This issue stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length in the packet receive function. Under certain conditions, this may lead to out-of-bounds memory access and may allow arbitrary memory write operations. On systems without a memory protection scheme, this behavior could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the target device. In versions 5.4.2, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, ESP-NOW has added more comprehensive validation logic on user-supplied data length during packet reception to prevent integer underflow caused by negative value calculations. For ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier, a workaround can be applied by validating that the `data_len` parameter received in the RX callback (registered via `esp_now_register_recv_cb()`) is a positive value before further processing. For ESP-IDF v5.4 and later, no application-level workaround is available. Users are advised to upgrade to a patched version of ESP-IDF to take advantage of the built-in mitigation.","aliases":["GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g"],"modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:16.241013082Z","published":"2025-06-24T19:53:06.066Z","database_specific":{"cwe_ids":["CWE-191"],"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/52xxx/CVE-2025-52471.json","cna_assigner":"GitHub_M"},"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/52xxx/CVE-2025-52471.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52471"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/edc227c5eaeced999b5212943a9434379f8aad80"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf","events":[{"introduced":"7452b1cb1d22cd1b439a6a922548efacea98ee72"},{"fixed":"b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409"},{"fixed":"c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5"},{"fixed":"d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7"},{"fixed":"d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8"},{"fixed":"df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2"},{"fixed":"edc227c5eaeced999b5212943a9434379f8aad80"}],"database_specific":{"source":["CPE_STRING","REFERENCES"],"cpe":["cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"extracted_events":[{"introduced":"5.1.6"},{"last_affected":"5.1.6"},{"introduced":"5.2.5"},{"last_affected":"5.2.5"},{"introduced":"5.3.3"},{"last_affected":"5.3.3"},{"introduced":"5.4.1"},{"last_affected":"5.4.1"}]}}],"versions":["5.1.6","5.2.5","5.3.3","5.4.1","= 5.1.6","= 5.2.5","= 5.3.3","= 5.4.1"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-52471.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.9.0","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V4","score":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"}]}