{"id":"CVE-2025-40007","summary":"netfs: fix reference leak","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfs: fix reference leak\n\nCommit 20d72b00ca81 (\"netfs: Fix the request's work item to not\nrequire a ref\") modified netfs_alloc_request() to initialize the\nreference counter to 2 instead of 1.  The rationale was that the\nrequet's \"work\" would release the second reference after completion\n(via netfs_{read,write}_collection_worker()).  That works most of the\ntime if all goes well.\n\nHowever, it leaks this additional reference if the request is released\nbefore the I/O operation has been submitted: the error code path only\ndecrements the reference counter once and the work item will never be\nqueued because there will never be a completion.\n\nThis has caused outages of our whole server cluster today because\ntasks were blocked in netfs_wait_for_outstanding_io(), leading to\ndeadlocks in Ceph (another bug that I will address soon in another\npatch).  This was caused by a netfs_pgpriv2_begin_copy_to_cache() call\nwhich failed in fscache_begin_write_operation().  The leaked\nnetfs_io_request was never completed, leaving `netfs_inode.io_count`\nwith a positive value forever.\n\nAll of this is super-fragile code.  Finding out which code paths will\nlead to an eventual completion and which do not is hard to see:\n\n- Some functions like netfs_create_write_req() allocate a request, but\n  will never submit any I/O.\n\n- netfs_unbuffered_read_iter_locked() calls netfs_unbuffered_read()\n  and then netfs_put_request(); however, netfs_unbuffered_read() can\n  also fail early before submitting the I/O request, therefore another\n  netfs_put_request() call must be added there.\n\nA rule of thumb is that functions that return a `netfs_io_request` do\nnot submit I/O, and all of their callers must be checked.\n\nFor my taste, the whole netfs code needs an overhaul to make reference\ncounting easier to understand and less fragile & obscure.  But to fix\nthis bug here and now and produce a patch that is adequate for a\nstable backport, I tried a minimal approach that quickly frees the\nrequest object upon early failure.\n\nI decided against adding a second netfs_put_request() each time\nbecause that would cause code duplication which obscures the code\nfurther.  Instead, I added the function netfs_put_failed_request()\nwhich frees such a failed request synchronously under the assumption\nthat the reference count is exactly 2 (as initially set by\nnetfs_alloc_request() and never touched), verified by a\nWARN_ON_ONCE().  It then deinitializes the request object (without\ngoing through the \"cleanup_work\" indirection) and frees the allocation\n(with RCU protection to protect against concurrent access by\nnetfs_requests_seq_start()).\n\nAll code paths that fail early have been changed to call\nnetfs_put_failed_request() instead of netfs_put_request().\nAdditionally, I have added a netfs_put_request() call to\nnetfs_unbuffered_read() as explained above because the\nnetfs_put_failed_request() approach does not work there.","modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:23.390494814Z","published":"2025-10-20T15:26:53.880Z","database_specific":{"cna_assigner":"Linux","osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/40xxx/CVE-2025-40007.json"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d428dca252c858bfac691c31fa95d26cd008706"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8df142e93098b4531fadb5dfcf93087649f570b3"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/40xxx/CVE-2025-40007.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40007"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"20d72b00ca814d748f5663484e5c53bb2bf37a3a"},{"fixed":"8df142e93098b4531fadb5dfcf93087649f570b3"},{"fixed":"4d428dca252c858bfac691c31fa95d26cd008706"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"1a8360c2eed3b292ed654c2ac61b09de4a80e298"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"6.15.3"},{"fixed":"6.16"}]}],"versions":["v6.14-rc3","v6.15.2","v6.15","v6.15.1","v6.15-rc1","v6.15-rc6","v6.15-rc3","v6.15-rc2","v6.15-rc7","v6.15-rc4","v6.15-rc5","v6.14","v6.14-rc1","v6.14-rc7","v6.14-rc6","v6.14-rc4","v6.14-rc5","v6.14-rc2","v6.13","v6.13-rc1","v6.13-rc6","v6.13-rc7","v6.13-rc2","v6.13-rc5","v6.13-rc3","v6.12-rc1","v6.13-rc4","v6.12","v6.12-rc7","v6.12-rc3","v6.12-rc4","v6.12-rc6","v6.12-rc5","v6.12-rc2","v6.11-rc1","v6.11-rc5","v6.11","v6.11-rc7","v6.10-rc1","v6.11-rc6","v6.11-rc3","v6.11-rc4","v6.11-rc2","v6.10","v6.10-rc6","v6.10-rc7","v6.10-rc3","v6.9-rc1","v6.10-rc5","v6.10-rc2","v6.10-rc4","v6.9","v6.9-rc6","v6.9-rc7","v6.9-rc5","v6.9-rc3","v6.9-rc2","v6.8","v6.9-rc4","v6.8-rc1","v6.7-rc1","v6.8-rc7","v6.8-rc6","v6.8-rc5","v6.8-rc4","v6.8-rc3","v6.8-rc2","v6.7","v6.7-rc3","v6.7-rc8","v6.7-rc7","v6.7-rc6","v6.7-rc2","v6.7-rc4","v6.7-rc5","v6.6","v6.6-rc1","v6.6-rc5","v6.6-rc3","v6.6-rc7","v6.6-rc6","v6.6-rc4","v6.6-rc2","v6.5","v6.5-rc1","v6.5-rc2","v6.5-rc7","v6.5-rc4","v6.5-rc3","v6.5-rc6","v6.5-rc5","v6.4","v6.4-rc7","v6.4-rc1","v6.4-rc6","v6.4-rc5","v6.4-rc3","v6.4-rc4","v6.4-rc2","v6.3","v6.3-rc1","v6.3-rc7","v6.3-rc2","v6.3-rc3","v6.3-rc5","v6.3-rc6","v6.3-rc4","v6.2-rc6","v6.2-rc1","v6.2","v6.2-rc2","v6.2-rc8","v6.2-rc5","v6.2-rc4","v6.2-rc7","v6.2-rc3","v6.1-rc1","v6.1","v6.1-rc8","v6.1-rc3","v6.1-rc6","v6.1-rc7","v6.1-rc4","v6.1-rc2","v6.1-rc5","v6.0-rc1","v6.0","v6.0-rc7","v6.0-rc3","v6.0-rc2","v6.0-rc6","v6.0-rc4","v6.0-rc5","v5.19","v5.19-rc1","v5.19-rc5","v5.19-rc8","v5.19-rc6","v5.18","v5.19-rc2","v5.19-rc7","v5.19-rc3","v5.19-rc4","v5.18-rc1","v5.18-rc7","v5.18-rc2","v5.18-rc5","v5.17","v5.18-rc4","v5.18-rc3","v5.18-rc6","v5.17-rc6","v5.17-rc4","v5.17-rc8","v5.17-rc7","v5.17-rc1","v5.17-rc3","v5.17-rc2","v5.17-rc5","v5.16","v5.16-rc1","v5.16-rc8","v5.16-rc5","v5.16-rc6","v5.16-rc7","v5.16-rc3","v5.16-rc2","v5.16-rc4","v5.15","v5.15-rc2","v5.15-rc1","v5.15-rc4","v5.15-rc7","v5.15-rc3","v5.15-rc5","v5.15-rc6","v5.14","v5.14-rc3","v5.14-rc1","v5.14-rc2","v5.14-rc7","v5.14-rc6","v5.13-rc1","v5.14-rc5","v5.14-rc4","v5.13","v5.13-rc6","v5.13-rc7","v5.13-rc3","v5.13-rc2","v5.13-rc4","v5.13-rc5","v5.12","v5.12-rc2","v5.12-rc1-dontuse","v5.12-rc1","v5.12-rc8","v5.12-rc3","v5.12-rc7","v5.12-rc5","v5.12-rc6","v5.12-rc4","v5.10","v5.11","v5.11-rc3","v5.11-rc7","v5.11-rc6","v5.11-rc5","v5.11-rc1","v5.11-rc4","v5.11-rc2","v5.10-rc1","v5.10-rc7","v5.10-rc4","v5.10-rc3","v5.10-rc6","v5.9","v5.10-rc2","v5.10-rc5","v5.9-rc1","v5.9-rc7","v5.9-rc8","v5.9-rc6","v5.9-rc4","v5.9-rc5","v5.9-rc3","v5.9-rc2","v5.8","v5.7","v5.8-rc2","v5.8-rc1","v5.8-rc7","v5.8-rc5","v5.8-rc3","v5.8-rc4","v5.8-rc6","v5.7-rc4","v5.7-rc7","v5.7-rc1","v5.7-rc3","v5.7-rc2","v5.7-rc5","v5.7-rc6","v5.6","v5.6-rc1","v5.6-rc7","v5.6-rc6","v5.6-rc3","v5.6-rc4","v5.6-rc2","v5.6-rc5","v5.5","v5.5-rc5","v5.5-rc7","v5.5-rc2","v5.5-rc1","v5.4","v5.5-rc4","v5.5-rc3","v5.5-rc6","v5.4-rc1","v5.4-rc6","v5.4-rc3","v5.4-rc4","v5.4-rc8","v5.4-rc7","v5.4-rc5","v5.3","v5.4-rc2","v5.3-rc5","v5.3-rc1","v5.3-rc2","v5.3-rc3","v5.3-rc8","v5.3-rc7","v5.3-rc4","v5.2","v5.3-rc6","v5.2-rc2","v5.2-rc7","v5.2-rc4","v5.2-rc1","v5.2-rc5","v5.2-rc6","v5.2-rc3","v5.1","v5.0-rc8","v5.1-rc7","v5.1-rc1","v5.1-rc6","v5.1-rc5","v5.0","v5.1-rc3","v5.1-rc2","v5.1-rc4","v5.0-rc1","v5.0-rc4","v5.0-rc3","v5.0-rc6","v5.0-rc7","v5.0-rc2","v5.0-rc5","v4.20-rc1","v4.19","v4.20","v4.20-rc7","v4.20-rc5","v4.20-rc6","v4.20-rc4","v4.20-rc2","v4.20-rc3","v4.19-rc2","v4.19-rc8","v4.19-rc4","v4.19-rc1","v4.19-rc7","v4.19-rc6","v4.19-rc5","v4.19-rc3","v4.18","v4.18-rc1","v4.18-rc8","v4.18-rc2","v4.18-rc5","v4.18-rc6","v4.18-rc7","v4.17","v4.18-rc3","v4.18-rc4","v4.17-rc1","v4.17-r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