{"id":"CVE-2025-22115","summary":"btrfs: fix block group refcount race in btrfs_create_pending_block_groups()","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: fix block group refcount race in btrfs_create_pending_block_groups()\n\nBlock group creation is done in two phases, which results in a slightly\nunintuitive property: a block group can be allocated/deallocated from\nafter btrfs_make_block_group() adds it to the space_info with\nbtrfs_add_bg_to_space_info(), but before creation is completely completed\nin btrfs_create_pending_block_groups(). As a result, it is possible for a\nblock group to go unused and have 'btrfs_mark_bg_unused' called on it\nconcurrently with 'btrfs_create_pending_block_groups'. This causes a\nnumber of issues, which were fixed with the block group flag\n'BLOCK_GROUP_FLAG_NEW'.\n\nHowever, this fix is not quite complete. Since it does not use the\nunused_bg_lock, it is possible for the following race to occur:\n\nbtrfs_create_pending_block_groups            btrfs_mark_bg_unused\n                                           if list_empty // false\n        list_del_init\n        clear_bit\n                                           else if (test_bit) // true\n                                                list_move_tail\n\nAnd we get into the exact same broken ref count and invalid new_bgs\nstate for transaction cleanup that BLOCK_GROUP_FLAG_NEW was designed to\nprevent.\n\nThe broken refcount aspect will result in a warning like:\n\n  [1272.943527] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n  [1272.943967] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 61 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xba/0x110\n  [1272.944731] Modules linked in: btrfs virtio_net xor zstd_compress raid6_pq null_blk [last unloaded: btrfs]\n  [1272.945550] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 61 Comm: kworker/u32:1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G        W          6.14.0-rc5+ #108\n  [1272.946368] Tainted: [W]=WARN\n  [1272.946585] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Arch Linux 1.16.3-1-1 04/01/2014\n  [1272.947273] Workqueue: btrfs_discard btrfs_discard_workfn [btrfs]\n  [1272.947788] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xba/0x110\n  [1272.949532] RSP: 0018:ffffbf1200247df0 EFLAGS: 00010282\n  [1272.949901] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffa14b00e3f800 RCX: 0000000000000000\n  [1272.950437] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffbf1200247c78 RDI: 00000000ffffdfff\n  [1272.950986] RBP: ffffa14b00dc2860 R08: 00000000ffffdfff R09: ffffffff90526268\n  [1272.951512] R10: ffffffff904762c0 R11: 0000000063666572 R12: ffffa14b00dc28c0\n  [1272.952024] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffffa14b00dc2868 R15: 000001285dcd12c0\n  [1272.952850] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffffa14d33c40000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n  [1272.953458] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n  [1272.953931] CR2: 00007f838cbda000 CR3: 000000010104e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\n  [1272.954474] Call Trace:\n  [1272.954655]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  [1272.954812]  ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xba/0x110\n  [1272.955173]  ? __warn.cold+0x93/0xd7\n  [1272.955487]  ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xba/0x110\n  [1272.955816]  ? report_bug+0xe7/0x120\n  [1272.956103]  ? handle_bug+0x53/0x90\n  [1272.956424]  ? exc_invalid_op+0x13/0x60\n  [1272.956700]  ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20\n  [1272.957011]  ? refcount_warn_saturate+0xba/0x110\n  [1272.957399]  btrfs_discard_cancel_work.cold+0x26/0x2b [btrfs]\n  [1272.957853]  btrfs_put_block_group.cold+0x5d/0x8e [btrfs]\n  [1272.958289]  btrfs_discard_workfn+0x194/0x380 [btrfs]\n  [1272.958729]  process_one_work+0x130/0x290\n  [1272.959026]  worker_thread+0x2ea/0x420\n  [1272.959335]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\n  [1272.959644]  kthread+0xd7/0x1c0\n  [1272.959872]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n  [1272.960172]  ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50\n  [1272.960474]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n  [1272.960745]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n  [1272.961035]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n  [1272.961238] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\nThough we have seen them in the async discard workfn as well. It is\nmost likely to happen after a relocation finishes which cancels discard,\ntears down the block group, etc.\n\nFix this fully by taking the lock arou\n---truncated---","modified":"2026-04-02T12:45:21.412956Z","published":"2025-04-16T14:13:01.293Z","related":["SUSE-SU-2025:01614-1","SUSE-SU-2025:01707-1","SUSE-SU-2025:01919-1","SUSE-SU-2025:01964-1","SUSE-SU-2025:01967-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02385-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02387-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02388-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02389-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02390-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02405-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02411-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02412-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02413-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02420-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02421-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02433-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02439-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02440-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02442-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02449-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02514-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20343-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20344-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20354-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20355-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20517-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20518-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20519-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20520-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20521-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20524-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20525-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20526-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20527-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20528-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20529-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20540-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20541-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20542-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20543-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20544-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20545-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20546-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20547-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20548-1"],"database_specific":{"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/22xxx/CVE-2025-22115.json","cna_assigner":"Linux"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2d8e5168d48a91e7a802d3003e72afb4304bebfa"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d383a6fc59271aaaf07a33b23b2eac5b9268b7a"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee56da95f8962b86fec4ef93f866e64c8d025a58"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/22xxx/CVE-2025-22115.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22115"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0657b20c5a76c938612f8409735a8830d257866e"},{"fixed":"ee56da95f8962b86fec4ef93f866e64c8d025a58"},{"fixed":"9d383a6fc59271aaaf07a33b23b2eac5b9268b7a"},{"fixed":"2d8e5168d48a91e7a802d3003e72afb4304bebfa"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"6297644db23f77c02ae7961cc542d162629ae2c4"},{"last_affected":"7569c4294ba6ff9f194635b14876198f8a687c4a"}]}],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-22115.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.7.5"}