{"id":"CVE-2025-1686","details":"Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ.\r\r Workaround\r\rThis vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates:\r\rjava\rnew PebbleEngine.Builder()\r            .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder()\r                    .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of(\"include\"))\r                    .build())\r            .build();","aliases":["GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx"],"modified":"2026-07-08T07:57:58.080928288Z","published":"2025-02-27T05:00:05.848Z","related":["CGA-vpj5-23ff-p6g4"],"database_specific":{"cwe_ids":["CWE-73"],"cna_assigner":"snyk","osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/1xxx/CVE-2025-1686.json"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/1xxx/CVE-2025-1686.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1686"},{"type":"REPORT","url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680"},{"type":"REPORT","url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/commit/b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/pull/715"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://github.com/pebbletemplates/pebble","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"6b1060a82c316e5f9acf94a9430f77e69c4106ee"},{"fixed":"b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329"}],"database_specific":{"cpe":"cpe:2.3:a:pebbletemplates:pebble_templates:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","extracted_events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.1.0"}],"source":["CPE_RANGE","REFERENCES"]}}],"versions":["4.0.0","v4.0.0","3.2.4","v3.2.4","3.2.3","v3.2.3","3.2.2","v3.2.2","3.2.1","v3.2.1","3.2.0","v3.2.0","3.1.6","v3.1.6","3.1.5","v3.1.5","v3.1.4","v3.1.3","v3.1.2","v3.1.1","v3.1.0","v3.0.10","v3.0.9","v3.0.8","v3.0.7","v3.0.6","v3.0.5","v3.0.4","v3.0.2","v3.0.1","v3.0.0","v3.0.0.BETA01","v2.2.3","v2.2.2","v2.2.1","v2.2.0","v2.0.0","v1.5.1","v1.6.0","v1.5.2","v1.5.0","v1.4.5","v1.4.4","v1.4.3","v1.4.2","v1.4.1","v1.4.0","v1.3.1","v1.3.0","v1.2.0","v1.1.0","v1.0.0","v0.4.0-beta","v0.3.0-beta","v0.2.0-beta","v0.1.5-beta","v0.1.4-beta","v0.1.3-beta","v0.1.2-beta","v0.1.1-beta","v0.1.0-beta","v0.0.3-alpha","v0.0.2-alpha"],"database_specific":{"source":"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-1686.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.7.5","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V4","score":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"}]}