{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","details":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","aliases":["GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"],"modified":"2026-07-08T05:48:38.935426078Z","published":"2016-04-26T14:59:02.207Z","database_specific":{"unresolved_ranges":[{"source":"CPE_STRING","vendor_product":"apache:struts","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"extracted_events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"last_affected":"2.0.0"}]},{"source":"CPE_STRING","vendor_product":"oracle:siebel_e-billing","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:oracle:siebel_e-billing:7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"extracted_events":[{"introduced":"7.1"},{"last_affected":"7.1"}]}]},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec"},{"type":"WEB","url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665"},{"type":"FIX","url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html"},{"type":"EVIDENCE","url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://github.com/apache/struts","events":[{"introduced":"2c0a197cea8fdc7d8cda5eeaa15a1c76507ac0a5"},{"last_affected":"0ac8932aa3a1b28a8f950863c17165cdc63b1474"}],"database_specific":{"source":"CPE_STRING","cpe":["cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.11.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"extracted_events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"last_affected":"2.0.0"},{"introduced":"2.0.1"},{"last_affected":"2.0.1"},{"introduced":"2.0.2"},{"last_affected":"2.0.2"},{"introduced":"2.0.3"},{"last_affected":"2.0.3"},{"introduced":"2.0.4"},{"last_affected":"2.0.4"},{"introduced":"2.0.5"},{"last_affected":"2.0.5"},{"introduced":"2.0.6"},{"last_affected":"2.0.6"},{"introduced":"2.0.7"},{"last_affected":"2.0.7"},{"introduced":"2.0.8"},{"last_affected":"2.0.8"},{"introduced":"2.0.9"},{"last_affected":"2.0.9"},{"introduced":"2.0.10"},{"last_affected":"2.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